Murdered, extradited, with immunity through agreements with the US, government or prison escapees, it is how they ended the first collaborators of Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman.
This is the "Cartel Guzman", with which the capo began the movement of cocaine from Colombia in the early nineties and became the world 's most wanted drug trafficker
Following, examine and document the first network of cocaine trafficking Joaquin Guzman Loera formed in the United States, it took five years to US authorities.
Pilots, businessmen, accountants, lawyers, drivers and engineers formed which between 1989 and 1994, the Attorney General of the United States dubbed the "Cartel Guzman".
The accusation, backed by a Grand Jury of the Southern District of California in November 1994, reveals how "El Chapo" heading from Mexico, shipments of tons of drugs from Colombia to Mexico City to the border of Tijuana and from there to California, Illinois and New Jersey in the United States.
Even in prison after his arrest in June 1993 in Mexico City, "El Chapo" continued to lead the organization through his brother Arturo "El Pollo" Guzman Loera and using planes, trains, tunnels and vehicles for traffic, court documents explain the Southern District of California in San Diego.
There are 23 names that appear linked to the criminal structure on charges of conspiracy to import cocaine possession and distribution purposes, conspiracy and money laundering.
Some remain at large, others were brought to trial and sentenced, several signed agreements with the Department of Justice of the American Union to become informants and avoid jail, a few remain in prison and one was executed by rival groups.
However, this court record is by the US government requested the extradition of capo. On June 18, 2014, Judge David H. Bartick of the Court for the Southern District of California, issued an arrest warrant against Guzman Loera, which is still in force and fighting in Mexican courts.
REYNOSO THE BROTHERS
Originally from Jalisco, the brothers Jose Antonio and Jose Reynoso Gonzalez lived as prosperous businessmen in Los Angeles in the late eighties, but they were also faithful to the service of drug traffickers "El Chapo".
Used their business to "lend an air of legitimacy to the import and export of cocaine money 'Guzman Cartel'" says one of the documents of the Court.
Reynoso Bros. Inc. chain grouped several grocery stores in Southern California. Other business included Aunt Anita, Tropicana Fruit Shop, Grocery Depot and Cotija Cheese, dedicated to the import of Mexican food.
Jose Reynoso Gonzalez managed the family business and served as one of the two top lieutenants of "El Chapo" on the West Coast of Mexico and the United States.
Their involvement was documented for the first time in October 1989, when federal agents seized 297 kilograms of cocaine, hidden among boxes of soap Ariel were being loaded onto a truck at one of the wineries Reynoso Bros. Inc.
For his part, Antonio González Reynoso nicknamed him "The Engineer" because he designed narcotúneles at the border. It is also responsible for moving shipments of cocaine.
For example, in January 1992, US agents documented how Joseph and Jesus Reynoso acquired a property in Otay Mesa, California. The brothers paid $ 9,000 for land located on the corner of Avenida de Siempre Viva and South Source, meters from the wall between Tijuana and California.
To this end, González Reynoso prestanombres used as another of his accomplices, Jorge Ramirez Córdova "Coach". On the grounds, they ordered the construction of a warehouse, which serve to hide the output of a narcotúnel started in Tijuana, 350 meters long.
In April 1993, the driver of a trailer, called Armando Reyes Gonzalez, was arrested in Tecate. In reviewing the vehicle load, Mexican authorities found 7.3 tons of cocaine hidden in a thousand 400 cans of jalapenos brand Comadre.
According to US government informants, "the cocaine had been placed in a packing of Reynoso in Guadalajara with the presence and help of Joseph and Antonio Reynoso. Cans arrive at a warehouse in Tijuana to be transported through the tunnel , "referred to in the documents consulted Court.
A lieutenant TORTURED
Enrique Avalos Barriga "The Doctor" is described by reports of the Office of the US as "the principal administrator, organizer and leader in cocaine trafficking" cartel "El Chapo".
As an entrepreneur held businesses on both sides of the border, Distribuidora Champion and importer of food Ochoa Brothers in California, and Tijuana Distribuidora Basic.
During the early years, he organized the members for moving drugs, for example by train wagons carrying cooking oil. "With the help of Fernando González 'The Gori' Adalberto Partida Chavez and Ricardo Yudice Campos, rented and renovated wineries in California, Chicago and New Jersey to store the cocaine had been smuggled across the border , " explain the US reports.
The robust record of over 100 pages, illustrates several occasions that "The Doctor" was in charge of distributing tasks to the members. Between those dates, is that of March 11, 1991 in San Diego, when Avalos Barriga designated locations where each had to deliver and collect packets of narcotics by key code.
Four days later, Victor Manuel Gaxiola Garcia, Rodolfo Lizarraga Valenzuela and Juan Carlos Alvarez Guerrero traveled in two vehicles to transport and guard 283 kilograms of cocaine that had been introduced by the San Ysidro border crossing to the United States.
Alvarez Guerrero tried to bribe an inspector Immigration San Ysidro to let him smuggle the shipment.
In June 1992, Avalos Barriga and "Coach" opened a hardware store to import products from Mexico to the United States. One of the building materials, wire mesh rolls, was added small compartments fiberglass to hide the drug.
After the shipment of cocaine in cans of jalapenos and built tunnel between the brothers and Ávalos Reynoso Gonzalez Barriga was discovered in 1993, he decided to move to Los Angeles to Chicago to not be investigated or arrested by US authorities.
From Chicago he worked on expanding drug storage warehouses to New Jersey and Illinois.
In one of the paragraphs of the indictment, the prosecution described how Enrique Avalos and Jose Reynoso "used numerous methods for importing and transporting drugs, modifying them as quickly that security agencies discovered them ."
However, "The Doctor" made several mistakes. One of its main partners since the late eighties was Miguel Angel Martínez Martínez "The Tololoche" to oversee operations "El Chapo" in the United States, a kind of intermediary.
In July 1994, Martinez Avalos warned he would send two messengers who transported cash from Chicago to Guadalajara to deliver it to Arturo "El Pollo" Guzman Loera, brother of "El Chapo".
In turn, he instructed Avalos Luis Fernando Gonzalez , another of the accomplices to receive and hand over the two new televisions packed, with which travel to Guadalajara. The devices containing $ 700,000 in cash that had to reach "El Pollo" Guzman.
However, the messengers not boarded the plane. They were arrested by Customs at the airport. Days later, Silvia, Barriga Avalos wife called him from Tijuana to tell him that a group of men had entered his home and taken a million dollars in cash.
The call was tapped and recorded by US authorities. After "severely scold his wife , " according to the report, Avalos Barriga asked one of the Reynoso brothers who were to Tijuana to verify that the version of women were true, after September of that year, federal agents be seized 390 kilograms of cocaine hidden in PVC pipes of various water heaters, two vehicles and a warehouse in Chicago.
To account for the forfeitures of money and cocaine, Enrique traveled to Mexico to meet with members of the so - called "Guzman Cartel". " It was physically tortured and promised to pay the debt , " the federal indictment.
Other features of "The Doctor" within the criminal organization was to oversee the construction of narcotúneles. For example, in September 1991, from Chicago, Enrique Avalos spoke with Miguel Angel Martinez on the feasibility of building a tunnel between San Luis Rio Colorado and Mexicali.
Among the methods proposed for the transfer, cocaine was filled train cars transported cooking oil company Industrias Unidas Angro.
THE COLOMBIAN
On August 25, 1994, Jorge Alberto Salles contacted Enrique Avalos to introduce Rodrigo Suavita, nicknamed "Rocky". The Colombian based in Cali sought contacts to find new coca trafficking routes within the United States.
After contact, "Rocky" traveled from Texas to Los Angeles to meet with Antonio Reynoso in one of the wineries that Reynoso Gonzalez brothers were in Baldwin Park, California, near Los Angeles.
Salles earned him his "boss" in Mexico that the meeting had left well and that the Colombian was interested in hiring Enrique Avalos to transport cocaine from Chicago to New York, so in September of that year, Enrique Avalos ordered one of his subordinates to prepare a warehouse in New Jersey for a fake company called Quinones Machinery, dedicated to the sale of old machinery, to begin with drug shipments.
Similarly, years ago, Avalos had seen to rent a warehouse to your company name Basic Distributors in Tijuana, where the shipment of tons of cocaine in cans of jalapenos come.
In turn, Salvador Reza, owner of Commercial Real Estate Services (CRESE) in El Monte, California, acted as a real estate agent for wineries to Avalos and Reynoso brothers.
PILOTS AND AEROTAXIS
Between February and March 1990 in Mexico City, "El Chapo" and Miguel Angel Martínez Martínez opened a company called Aero Executive Poblanos (SAEPSA) to provide air taxi service.
In fact, the company would be used to transport money and cocaine to and from the United States.
When US authorities found the company's relationship with drug traffickers, members of the "Cartel Guzman" made several legal maneuvers.
In September 1990, Mexican authorities seized the company SAEPSA, but to avoid the seizure of the aircraft, the company changed the name registration companies of the Reynoso brothers.
For example, they changed the name to Aeroabastos SAEPSA and searched the aircraft with the business name of Reynoso brothers in California.
In November 1991, in Los Angeles, California, Jose Reynoso changed the registration of the aircraft to Grocery Depot.
With the new name, on November 20 of that year, the favorite pilots of the criminal organization, Frisbie Geraldo Antonio Calderon and Enrique Suarez Estrada, piloted the plane of Leon, Guanajuato, California. Three days later, they left on the same plane from Tijuana to San Diego, California.
On these trips, US agents documented that Frisbie Calderon and Suarez Estrada carrying money from the American Union into Mexico and drugs from Mexico to the United States. Another of his travel dates from July 29, 1992, when they flew from Mexico to Laredo, Texas.
IMMUNE COUNSEL
Humberto Loya Castro, nicknamed "Licenciado Perez" has been one of the leading lawyers and advisers of the Sinaloa Cartel for nearly 30 years. In the 95-0973-B, which this report is clear court record, and identifies it .
The world of law kept him in touch with Mexican officials. Between 1989 and 1994, "he made sure that if key members of the organization were arrested not remain arrested in exchange for paying money to obtain legal documents of the PGR to alter them ."
Its function was to pay thousands of dollars in exchange for police did not confiscate the cartel drug shipments and arrested its members.
The indictment describes how the lawyer thousand dollars paid to an officer of the Federal Judicial Police for him to release Arturo Guzman, brother of "El Chapo".
However, almost 20 years later, in 2005, Loya Castro signed an agreement with the United States Department of Justice to become their informant, which three years later, charges were dropped against him .
The lawyer accompanied Vicente Zambada Niebla, son of Ismael "El Mayo" Zambada when he went to a hotel in Mexico City in front of the US Embassy in 2009, according to documents from the Attorney General of the United States.
Days later, the son of the leader of the Sinaloa Cartel was arrested and is currently detained in the United States.
According to other informants and US agents, Castro Loya collaboration with the government of that country, has been based on providing them with information of the Arellano Felix brothers and other rivals of the Sinaloa Cartel.
BETWEEN FAMILY
Arturo "El Pollo" Guzman Loera was second in the first hierarchy identified by the US Attorney's Office.
He was in charge of receiving instructions "El Chapo" for the rest of the members as to the operations with cocaine trafficking in the United States. His role became more important when in 1993, his older brother was arrested in Mexico.
Although it was not captured in the US, the younger brother of drug lord was arrested in Mexico. On December 31, 2004, he was killed in his cell, the booth number 22 of the Altiplano prison.
With a gun, hidden in a water tank toilets prison, Jose Ramirez Villanueva took his life. The execution was attributed to the Carrillo Fuentes drug cartel.
Another member of the organization was Raul Enriquez Guzman, son of Raul Ruiz Guzman, drug dealer and compadre "El Chapo".
After his father was killed in November 1992 by members of a rival organization, Raul Guzman began working for "El Chapo" because he had to pay a debt of millions of dollars to the organization, left by his father.
The dossier detailing Guzman met with "El Chapo , " who gave him a role in the cartel.
Interventions through phone calls, US authorities documented how the February 3, 1995, from San Antonio, Texas, Raul Guzman had a telephone call with an accomplice.
The conversation focused on Saillez Guillermo Cuervo, one of his prisoner in the Florence prison Tucson, Arizona accomplices. Guzman assured him that Mr. Loya Castro had contacts in the correctional and could organize an escape to evade the sentence of 19 years Saillez Cuervo.
JUDGEMENT
On August 23, 1996, in the Court for the Southern District of California, began the trial of Enrique Avalos Barriga, Jose Reynoso Gonzalez, Luis Fernando González, Salvador Reza and Yudice Ricardo Campos, the other defendants remained at large.
Judge Leland C. Nielsen said "the complex case" by the amount of evidence provided by the prosecution, the commission of crimes in different judicial jurisdictions and the degree of participation of the accused.
The prosecutor handling the case, Cynthia Bashant , who today serves as Judge Southern District of California filed 160 specialists in import and export operations in Mexico, federal agents, chemical, hotel employees initial witnesses among experts in tunnels where the cartel members and experts met federal air federal administration.
The evidence included 30,000 paper pages, such as police reports of Mexican authorities, recordings and photographs tapped telephone calls when the accused met to exchange money and narcotics.
While as physical evidence, Bashant prosecutor brought cans of jalapenos Comadre where cocaine, airplanes, transfers of cash and recorders that had been hidden among cactus plants places hid where members of the "Cartel Guzman " they looked.
With all this, the prosecutor prepared the indictment for conspiracy to import cocaine possession and distribution purposes, conspiracy and money laundering, which closed on June 23, 1995.
Input, being considered one of the leaders of the cartel, Enrique Avalos Barriga was sentenced to life in prison. At 70 years old, he is being held in a prison located in Victorville, California.
Salvador Reza, 84 years old, was released from prison in March 1998, while Yudice Ricardo Campos, 65, left the prison in June 2004. The two of them were charged directly to manage the warehouses where the cocaine was stored .
While Jose Reynoso Gonzalez, 84, was released from prison in September 2006. Instead, his brother Antonio González Reynoso just begun his criminal proceedings. In October 2015 he was extradited to San Diego, California.
The 72 year old man is in the Metropolitan Prison San Diego, after the judge denied the possibility of facing the release process.
According to court documents District of Southern California, more than 37 thousand pages of evidence has been adduced by the prosecution, including thousands of calls intervened during the investigation.
The tapes, whose original format was cassette, have been transferred to CDs. Of these, Antonio Reynoso has identified between 50 and 60 calls in which he participated, which must be translated from Spanish to English, detailed documents May 9, 2016.
Reynoso Gonzalez asked a translator for the following audiences. Judge Jeffrey T. Miller determined that the next will be held in July.
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